|  | Introduction (p. 1) | 
			
			|  | Research techniques and methodology (p. 2) | 
			
			|  |  | The Praxis Cycle (p. 2) | 
			
			|  |  | Contextual Bible study (p. 3) | 
			
			|  | The story of the Levite’s Concubine in Judges 19–21 (p. 3) | 
			
			|  |  | On the text itself, reading of Judges 19–21 (p. 3) | 
			
			|  |  | A summary of the Judges 19–21 (p. 3) | 
			
			|  | On the text (a focus on the text as a literary composition), applying the Praxis Cycle (p. 4) | 
			
			|  |  | ‘Agency’ in Judges 19–21, and on the text perspective: An interrogation (p. 4) | 
			
			|  |  | The rapists of Gibeah (p. 4) | 
			
			|  |  | The heinous act: The rape of the Levite’s concubine (p. 4) | 
			
			|  | The Levite seeks retribution by gruesome means (p. 4) | 
			
			|  |  | The retribution (p. 5) | 
			
			|  |  | A Statistical overview of Judges 19–21 civil war (p. 5) | 
			
			|  |  | Theological analysis of Judges 19–21 (p. 5) | 
			
			|  |  |  | Political – A nation without a king in dire straits (p. 5) | 
			
			|  |  |  | Religious – The religious identity of Israel and the presence of God (p. 6) | 
			
			|  |  |  | Economic: The cost of retribution and a grim picture of fatherless families (p. 6) | 
			
			|  | Reflections, recommendations and conclusion (p. 6) | 
			
			|  |  | Tackling gender-based violence and femicide Israel’s way (p. 6) | 
			
			|  |  | Provoking a response, the Levite’s way (p. 7) | 
			
			|  |  | A survey on whether gruesome pictures evoke any response (p. 7) | 
			
			|  |  | Crime and retribution (p. 7) | 
			
			|  |  | Spirituality, indignity and shame (p. 8) | 
			
			|  | Acknowledgements (p. 8) | 
			
			|  | Competing interests (p. 9) | 
			
			|  | Author’s contribution (p. 9) | 
			
			|  | Ethical considerations (p. 9) | 
			
			|  | Funding information (p. 9) | 
			
			|  | Data availability (p. 9) | 
			
			|  | Disclaimer (p. 9) | 
			
			|  | References (p. 9) |